Introduction Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins often found in the legs. These veins can significantly impact quality of life, causing discomfort and emotional distress.

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a circulatory disorder that occurs when leg veins fail to return blood effectively to the heart. This dysfunction leads to

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition that occurs when the leg veins become damaged. This damage prevents the veins from effectively returning blood to